-Lipid
Lipid are diverse group of chemical. The most common type are the triglycerides, which are usually known as fats and oils.
o Triglycerides
Triglycerides are made out of three fatty acid
and one glycerol molecule, Triglyceride are
insoluble in water but soluble in certain
organic soluvents
o Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid and lipid
Fatty acid that have double bond between neighboring carbon atom like -C=C-. Such fatty acid are describe as unsaturated (as they do not contain the maximum possible amount of hydrogen) and form unsaturated lipids, animal lipid are often saturated and accruing as fats.
Wednesday, 6 January 2016
Biological Molecule -Polysaccharide-
-Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide are polymers whose submit are monosaccharide. They made by joining many monosaccharide molecule by condensation. Each successive monosaccharide is added by means of a glycosidic bond or disaccharides. The most important polysaccharides are starch, glycogen and cellulose, all which are polymer of glucose, polysaccharide are not sugar. Glucose is also a reactive molecule and would interfere with normal cell. These problem are avoided by converting glucose, by condensation reaction to a storage pollysaccharide. The storage polysaccharide formed is starch in plant and glycogen in animal.
o Starch and glycogen
starch is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is made by condensation between alpha-glucose. starch is never found in animal cells, a substance with molecule very like those of amylopectin is used as the storage carbohydrate, and this is called glycogen.
o Cellulose
Cellulose is the most abundant organic on the planet, due to its presence in plant cell walls and its slow rate of breakdown in nature, cellulose is a polymer of beta-glucose and alpha-glucose.
Polysaccharide are polymers whose submit are monosaccharide. They made by joining many monosaccharide molecule by condensation. Each successive monosaccharide is added by means of a glycosidic bond or disaccharides. The most important polysaccharides are starch, glycogen and cellulose, all which are polymer of glucose, polysaccharide are not sugar. Glucose is also a reactive molecule and would interfere with normal cell. These problem are avoided by converting glucose, by condensation reaction to a storage pollysaccharide. The storage polysaccharide formed is starch in plant and glycogen in animal.
o Starch and glycogen
starch is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is made by condensation between alpha-glucose. starch is never found in animal cells, a substance with molecule very like those of amylopectin is used as the storage carbohydrate, and this is called glycogen.
o Cellulose
Cellulose is the most abundant organic on the planet, due to its presence in plant cell walls and its slow rate of breakdown in nature, cellulose is a polymer of beta-glucose and alpha-glucose.
Thursday, 10 December 2015
Biological Molecule -Carbohydrate-
-Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate is divided by three main group, "Monosaccharide", "Dissacharide", "Polysaccharide". The word 'Saccharide' refers to a sugar or a sweet substance.
o Monosaccharide
Monosaccharide are sugar, sugar that dissolve easily in water to form sweet-taste solution, monosaccharide have general formula of CH2O and consist of a single sugar molecule. Main type of monosaccharide are according to number of carbon atom; Trioses, Pentose, Hexoses. The name end with -oses are all sugar.
o Ring stucture
The form of glucose where it is below the ring is known as Alpha-glucose and the form where it is above the ring Beta-glucose. The same molecule can switch between the two forms, two forms of the same molecule are Isomers
o Role of monosaccharide in living organisms
monosaccharude have two function;firstly, they are commonly used as a sources of energy respiration. this is due to the large number of carbo-hydrogen bond, secondly monosaccharide is very important to build large molecule as the builing block
o Disaccharide and glycosidic bond
Disaccharide are like monosaccharide they are both sugar, They are formed by two monosaccharide joing together. Theree most common disaccharide are maltose(glucose + glucose), Sucrose (glucose+fructose) and Lactose(glucose+galactose). Sucrose is transport of sugar in plant and the sugar commonly bought in the shop, Lactose is the sugar that is found in milk. The joining of the two monosaccharide take place by a process known as condensation . By allowing the oxygen to form a bridge between the two molecule, holding them together and forming disaccharide.
Carbohydrate is divided by three main group, "Monosaccharide", "Dissacharide", "Polysaccharide". The word 'Saccharide' refers to a sugar or a sweet substance.
o Monosaccharide
Monosaccharide are sugar, sugar that dissolve easily in water to form sweet-taste solution, monosaccharide have general formula of CH2O and consist of a single sugar molecule. Main type of monosaccharide are according to number of carbon atom; Trioses, Pentose, Hexoses. The name end with -oses are all sugar.
o Ring stucture
The form of glucose where it is below the ring is known as Alpha-glucose and the form where it is above the ring Beta-glucose. The same molecule can switch between the two forms, two forms of the same molecule are Isomers
o Role of monosaccharide in living organisms
monosaccharude have two function;firstly, they are commonly used as a sources of energy respiration. this is due to the large number of carbo-hydrogen bond, secondly monosaccharide is very important to build large molecule as the builing block
o Disaccharide and glycosidic bond
Disaccharide are like monosaccharide they are both sugar, They are formed by two monosaccharide joing together. Theree most common disaccharide are maltose(glucose + glucose), Sucrose (glucose+fructose) and Lactose(glucose+galactose). Sucrose is transport of sugar in plant and the sugar commonly bought in the shop, Lactose is the sugar that is found in milk. The joining of the two monosaccharide take place by a process known as condensation . By allowing the oxygen to form a bridge between the two molecule, holding them together and forming disaccharide.
Biological Molecule -Monomers, Polymers and Macro-molecule-
- Monomers, Polymers and Macro-molecule
The term "Marco-molecule" means a giant molecule, there are several types of macro molecule in living organism such as "Polysaccharide", and "Nucleic Acid(Polynucleotide)". Poly means many, Mono means one and the molecule are polymer meaning they are made of many repeating sub unit that are identical, The sub-unit are called "Monomer", they are joint together like beans on a string.
The term "Marco-molecule" means a giant molecule, there are several types of macro molecule in living organism such as "Polysaccharide", and "Nucleic Acid(Polynucleotide)". Poly means many, Mono means one and the molecule are polymer meaning they are made of many repeating sub unit that are identical, The sub-unit are called "Monomer", they are joint together like beans on a string.
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